Conversion Traits

From, Into, TryFrom, TryInto และ conversion patterns

From และ Into

fn main() {
    // From - explicit conversion
    let s: String = String::from("hello");
    let num: i64 = i64::from(42i32);

    println!("String: {}", s);
    println!("i64: {}", num);

    // Into - reverse of From (auto-generated)
    let s: String = "hello".into();
    let num: i64 = 42i32.into();

    println!("Into String: {}", s);
    println!("Into i64: {}", num);

    // Generic functions with Into
    fn accepts_string<S: Into<String>>(s: S) {
        let string = s.into();
        println!("Got: {}", string);
    }

    accepts_string("literal");     // &str
    accepts_string(String::from("owned"));  // String
    accepts_string('X');           // char

    // Multiple conversions
    let v: Vec<u8> = b"hello".to_vec();
    let s: String = String::from_utf8(v).unwrap();
    println!("From bytes: {}", s);
}